Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering

Unit I

Introduction to Mechanics: Force, moment and couple, Principle of transmissibility, Varignon's theorem, Resultant of force system — concurrent and non-concurrent coplanar forces, Types of supports (hinge, roller) and loads (point, UDL, UVL), Free body diagram, Equilibrium equations and support reactions. Normal and shear stress, Strain, Hooke's law, Poisson's ratio, Elastic constants and their relationship, Stress-strain diagram for ductile and brittle materials, Factor of safety.

Unit II

IC Engines and Electric Vehicles: Basic engine components, Construction and working of two-stroke and four-stroke SI & CI engines, Merits and demerits, Scavenging process, Differences between two/four stroke and SI/CI engines. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Components of an EV, EV batteries, chargers, drives, transmission and power devices, Advantages and disadvantages of EVs, Hybrid electric vehicles, HEV drive train components.

Unit III

Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning: Refrigerating effect, Ton of refrigeration, Coefficient of performance, Methods of refrigeration, Construction and working of domestic refrigerator, Heat pump concept. Air-Conditioning: Meaning and applications, Humidity, Dry bulb, wet bulb and dew point temperatures, Comfort conditions, Window air conditioner.

Unit IV

Fluid Mechanics and Applications: Fluid properties, Pressure, Density, Dynamic and kinematic viscosity, Specific gravity, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, Pascal's law, Continuity equation, Hydraulic turbines (Pelton wheel and Francis), Pumps (centrifugal and reciprocating), Hydraulic lift.

Unit V

Measurement and Mechatronics: Concept of measurement, Errors, Calibration, Measurement of pressure (Bourdon tube, U-tube manometer), temperature (thermocouple, optical pyrometer), mass flow rate (venturi, orifice meter), strain (strain gauges), force (proving ring) and torque (Prony brake dynamometer), Accuracy, precision and resolution. Mechatronics: Evolution, scope, advantages, industrial applications, Autotronics, bionics, avionics, Sensors and transducers, Mechanical actuation systems — kinematic chains, cam, ratchet, gears, belt, bearing, Hydraulic and pneumatic actuation systems.